01 / RequirementsWhat I Built and Used
My 6 TB Windows Server NAS is built and in use for network storage. I've also hosted Minecraft Java Edition and Palworld servers on the same hardware. I prefer getting useful work out of equipment I already own over chasing benchmark scores.
- Network storage: working 6 TB NAS accessible on my home network.
- Minecraft Java Edition: server hosting completed using this Windows Server machine.
- Palworld: server hosting completed on the same system.
- Administration: a real Windows Server environment for managing storage and game-server workloads.
- Data safety: backup and recovery planning remain important operational practices; mirrored storage alone is not a backup.
02 / Platform ChoiceWhy This Motherboard and System?
The Lenovo platform was selected primarily because it was already available: a low-cost way to reuse working hardware rather than start with an expensive new enclosure and power supply. A key selection criterion is its Wake-on-LAN capability, useful for waking a server on demand instead of leaving it powered on unnecessarily.
Important distinction: Wake-on-LAN must still be verified on this exact firmware, Ethernet adapter, and power-state configuration. A supported checkbox is not proof a remote magic packet successfully wakes the system.
- Inspect available 3.5-inch bays, SATA ports, PSU connectors, and airflow before expanding drives.
- Check BIOS/UEFI options for PCIe / network wake and the NIC driver’s Wake on Magic Packet support.
- Validate wired sleep/shutdown wake behavior separately; S5 wake support varies by platform.
- Measure idle electricity draw and compare against the cost of keeping the host running.
03 / Example TopologyPlan Addressing Before Changing the Network
This illustrative private subnet is not a disclosure of the household’s real IP addressing. It deliberately shows one gateway, one fixed server address, a reserved static segment, and a non-overlapping DHCP pool.
| Component | Example Value | Rationale |
|---|
| Subnet | 192.168.50.0/24 | Isolated documentation example |
| Router / gateway | 192.168.50.1 | Default route to the Internet |
| Windows Server | 192.168.50.10 | Manual/static address outside DHCP scope |
| Infrastructure / reservations | 192.168.50.20–49 | Printers and predictable hosts |
| DHCP scope | 192.168.50.100–199 | Dynamic client leases |
| DNS zone | lab.example.test | Documentation-only namespace |
Keep the router’s DHCP service enabled for household clients until the replacement server and leases have been tested in an isolated network. Only one authoritative, non-overlapping DHCP plan should serve a given subnet. If the lab is turned off, household clients still need a working DHCP/DNS fallback.
04 / InstallationWindows Server 2022 Deployment and Reference Checklist
Windows Server 2022 is already installed and has been used for NAS storage and game hosting. This checklist documents common installation and administration considerations; it is not a list of work still required to make my NAS functional. DNS and DHCP are optional examples, not claimed running roles.
- Back up existing data, confirm driver compatibility and licensing, then create bootable installation media for a supported Windows Server release.
- Install Windows Server onto the SSD, keeping storage disks separate where possible; choose Desktop Experience for easier initial labs or Server Core for a leaner deployment.
- Set an administrator credential, apply updates, configure the local firewall, confirm Ethernet connectivity, and rename the host internally (without publishing the hostname).
- Configure a fixed IPv4 address, gateway and DNS plan before adding DNS or DHCP roles.
- Use Server Manager or elevated PowerShell to install File Server, DNS, and DHCP roles only as required by the selected scope.
# Reference only. These are not all claimed as installed roles.
Install-WindowsFeature -Name File-Services,FS-FileServer,DNS,DHCP -IncludeManagementTools
Get-WindowsFeature File-Services,FS-FileServer,DNS,DHCP
Get-NetAdapter | Format-Table Name,Status,LinkSpeed
Get-NetIPConfiguration
Windows Server 2022 is installed on the NAS. The role-installation commands are reference examples, not a live configuration export; use an appropriately licensed Windows Server installation.
05 / Fixed AddressAssign the Server a Static IPv4 Address
Infrastructure services must be reachable consistently. A statically configured server address avoids dependence on DHCP during startup and reduces ambiguity about which machine hosts DNS or SMB shares.
# Example only: replace adapter and addresses with your actual lab plan.
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet" -IPAddress 192.168.50.10 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.50.1
Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet" -ServerAddresses 127.0.0.1
Get-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias "Ethernet" -AddressFamily IPv4
Use Get-NetAdapter to check the actual interface alias. Plan the change locally: applying an incorrect remote IP may immediately disconnect a remote administration session. This example presumes DNS will ultimately run locally; verify resolution and upstream forwarders once the DNS role is active.
06 / Name ResolutionConfigure DNS Zones and Forwarders
DNS maps names to addresses. A forward lookup zone provides readable lab names for local resources, while forwarders send queries for external domains upstream. An Active Directory domain would require its own AD-integrated DNS design; this example is a standalone test zone, not a completed domain deployment.
Add-DnsServerPrimaryZone -Name "lab.example.test" -ZoneFile "lab.example.test.dns"
Add-DnsServerResourceRecordA -ZoneName "lab.example.test" -Name "nas" -IPv4Address "192.168.50.10"
Set-DnsServerForwarder -IPAddress 1.1.1.1,9.9.9.9
Resolve-DnsName nas.lab.example.test -Server 192.168.50.10
Confirm local A-record resolution from a separate client, then verify unrelated public names still resolve. Configure DNS recursion and firewall rules only for intended internal clients; do not expose this resolver to the public Internet.
07 / Client AddressingConfigure DHCP Carefully
DHCP automatically distributes IP leases and can advertise the gateway and DNS resolver. This setup is potentially disruptive if performed on the existing household LAN without coordination.
- Start on a physically or logically isolated test network; audit the router’s existing pool.
- Install DHCP, define a non-overlapping IPv4 scope, and set option 003 (router), 006 (DNS), and 015 (DNS domain).
- In an Active Directory domain, authorize the server in AD DS. A workgroup lab does not use that authorization step.
- Activate only after confirming there is no second competing DHCP service for the same clients.
- Renew a lab client’s lease, inspect gateway/DNS options, test Internet access and local name resolution.
# First disable DHCP on the router if this server will become authoritative.
# Do not run while another DHCP server leases the same subnet.
Add-DhcpServerv4Scope -Name "Lab Clients" -StartRange 192.168.50.100 -EndRange 192.168.50.199 -SubnetMask 255.255.255.0 -State InActive
Set-DhcpServerv4OptionValue -ScopeId 192.168.50.0 -Router 192.168.50.1 -DnsServer 192.168.50.10 -DnsDomain "lab.example.test"
Get-DhcpServerv4Scope
# Activate only after isolation / conflict checks.
Set-DhcpServerv4Scope -ScopeId 192.168.50.0 -State Active
The sample scope is created inactive first. Do not copy and run the activation command on your live home network until the previous DHCP service is disabled or the test network is isolated.
08 / StorageWorking 6 TB Network Storage
The 6 TB NAS storage is already installed and working on my network. These notes cover ongoing storage administration, access control, and recovery practices, not steps needed to finish the NAS. Windows file sharing and NTFS permissions should be managed together, with access limited to the people who need it.
- For any future storage changes, assess standalone disks, Storage Spaces resiliency, or a mirror according to the hardware and required usable capacity.
- Use an offline or independent backup destination and test file restoration before trusting important data to the system.
- Enable SMB signing as appropriate, maintain OS updates, and do not expose SMB ports to the Internet.
- Measure transfer speeds using wired connections and capture disk/CPU utilization during large transfers.
Further portfolio evidence: sanitized screenshots of existing storage access, drive-health output, share permissions, and a documented restore test would show more of the administration work without exposing private files or network details.
09 / OperationsWake-on-LAN, Power and Performance
Wake-on-LAN uses a magic packet directed at the target NIC’s MAC address. The benefit is potential energy savings when the NAS is used intermittently, but idle-vs-sleep savings must be weighed against availability of game servers and DNS/DHCP.
- Enable relevant BIOS/UEFI wake options; disable any low-power mode that suppresses standby NIC power if required by the hardware.
- Configure the Ethernet driver’s magic-packet wake setting; test from another LAN computer while monitoring link state.
- Validate wake from sleep and full shutdown separately, record failures, and avoid promising S5 wake until tested.
- Architectural tradeoff: if DNS/DHCP runs on a sleeping server, clients may lose renewals/name resolution. Keep essential network services on an always-on device or run the server continuously.
10 / Acceptance TestsOperational Work and Reference Checks
The NAS is deployed with working storage, and I've hosted Minecraft Java Edition and Palworld on it. These generic commands show ways to document connectivity and optional Windows Server roles; they are not a prerequisite for the NAS or game-hosting deployments I've already completed.
ipconfig /all
nslookup nas.lab.example.test 192.168.50.10
ping 192.168.50.10
Test-NetConnection 192.168.50.10 -Port 445
Get-SmbSession
Get-DhcpServerv4Lease -ScopeId 192.168.50.0
For the optional DNS/DHCP examples, I would check client lease behavior, name resolution, and service isolation. For ongoing NAS maintenance, useful evidence includes permission checks, restore tests, and storage monitoring. None of those optional examples changes the fact that the NAS and both game-server workloads have already been used successfully.